Propp (Character Types)
The Hero – a character that seeks something
The Villain – who opposes or actively blocks the hero’s quest
The Donor – who provides an object with magical properties
The Dispatcher – who sends the hero on his/her quest via a message
The False Hero – who disrupts the hero’s success by making false claims
The Helper – who aids the hero
The Princess – acts as the reward for the hero and the object of the villain’s plots
Her Father – who acts to reward the hero for his effort
Todarov (model of narrative structure)
The theory is simply, The fictional environment begins with a state of equilibrium (everything is as it should be) Then It then suffers some disruption (disequilibrium) Resulting in a New equilibrium is produced at the end of the narrative
There are five stages
the narrative can progress through:
A state of equilibrium A disruption of that order by an event
A recognition that the disorder has occurred
An attempt to repair the damage of the disruption
A return or restoration of a New equilibrium
Levi-Strauss
Levi-Strauss noticed an important feature of these 'binary opposites' that one side of the binary pair is always seen by a particular society or culture as more valued over the other.
Barthes'
Barthes argued that the reader produced new meanings when reading a text, making use of previous experiences. Therefore different people read different things from a text. Texts may be open and have many meanings/interpretations or texts could be closed and have only one meaning.
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